Protective effect of angelica sinensis polysaccharide on experimental immunological colon injury in rats

AIM: To study the effect of angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on immunological colon injury and its mechanisms in rats.METHODS: Immunological colitis model of rats was induced by intracolon enema with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. The experimental animals were randomly divided into normal control, model control, 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy groups and three doses of ASP therapy groups. The 6 groups were treated intracolonically with normal saline, normal saline, 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg.kg-1), and ASP daily (8:00 am) at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg.kg-1 respectively for 21 days 7 d following induction of colitis. The rat colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), the histopathological score (HS), the score of occult blood test (OBT), and the colonic MPO activity were evaluated. The levels of SOD, MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-10 in colonic tissues were detected biochemically and immunoradiometrically. The expressions of TGF-β and EGF in colonic tissues were also determined immunochemically.RESULTS: Enhanced colonic mucosal injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were observed in colitis rats,which manifested as significant increases of CMDI, HS, OBT,MPO activity, MDA and NO contents, as well as the levels of TNF-α and IL-2 in colonic tissues, although colonic TGF-β protein expression, SOD activity and TL-10 content were significantly decreased compared with the normal control (P＜0.01). However, these parameters were found to be significantly ameliorated in colitis rats treated intracolicly with ASP at the doses of 400 and 800 mg@kg-1 (P＜0.05-0.01).Meantime, colonic EGF protein expression in colitis rats was remarkably up-regulated.CONCLUSION: ASP has a protective effect on immunological colon injury induced by TNBS and ethanol enema in rats,which was propably due to the mechanism of antioxidation,immunomodulation and promotion of wound repair.     

大鼠哮喘模型Clara细胞及其分泌蛋白的表达

目的　观察大鼠哮喘模型Clara细胞及其分泌蛋白 (CCSP)的表达。方法　SD大鼠 2 4只 ,分为哮喘模型组和健康对照组。哮喘模型组大鼠用卵白蛋白 (OVA)致敏激发建立大鼠哮喘模型。用逆转录 聚合酶链反应、斑点免疫印迹、免疫组化及图像分析方法检测 2组大鼠肺组织CCSPmRNA表达、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中CCSP蛋白水平、细小支气管Clara细胞比率及气道形态学参数。结果　哮喘模型组大鼠OVA激发2周的支气管总管壁面积、内壁面积及平滑肌面积均较健康对照组和哮喘模型组OVA激发 1周时的增加 (P <0 0 1) ,并与CCSP及其mRNA呈负相关 (r分别为 - 0 5 9、- 0 72、- 0 6 5、- 0 6 3、- 0 78及 - 0 73,P <0 0 1)。哮喘模型组大鼠细支气管、终末细支气管及呼吸性细支气管Clara细胞数量减少 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 )。哮喘模型组大鼠肺组织CCSPmRNA表达较健康对照组降低 ,BALF中CCSP蛋白含量降低。结论　CCSPmRNA表达降低 ,Clara细胞数量减少。     

Strain differences in the ontogeny of estrogen receptors in murine uterine epithelium

The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in the reproductive tracts of neonatal mice was examined using immunocytochemical and autoradiographic methods. Two strains of mice used in previous studies that reported contradictory results showed different rates of uterine epithelial development. In the inbred strain, BALB/c, the epithelium was devoid of receptor from birth through 5 days of age, while uterine epithelial cells of the outbred strain, CD-1, expressed ER as early as 3 days of age. Oviductal epithelium and cervical epithelium expressed ER on the day of birth in CD-1 mice. Glandular ontogeny in the uteri of CD-1 animals was also advanced by 3 days compared to that of BALB/c mice. These observations reconcile the conflicting reports of ER ontogeny in the neonatal mouse. More importantly, these results confirm our earlier observations, indicating that the cells lining uteri of 2- and 4-day-old BALB/c mice lack ER at a time when estrogen induces their proliferation.     

Electrosprayed Microparticles with Loaded pDNA-Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles to Promote the Regeneration of Mature Blood Vessels

Purpose

The lack of control over microvasculature formation remains a key roadblock to the therapeutic vascularization and regeneration of functional tissues. In the current study, the integration of plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensation and electrospraying technologies was proposed to promote the regeneration of mature blood vessels through injectable or infusible administration of microparticles.

Methods

Calcium phosphate (CP) nanoparticles with encapsulated plasmids encoding vascular endothelial growth factors (pVEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (pbFGF) were synthesized using reverse microemulsions. Electrosprayed microparticles with the loading of CP-pDNA nanoparticles were evaluated on both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and after subcutaneous infusion into animals.

Results

CP-pDNA nanoparticles was obtained with an average size of around 110 nm and electrosprayed into microparticles, resulting in high loading efficiency and extended protection on pDNA from external DNase environment. The inoculation of poly(ethylene glycol) into microparticle matrices realized a gradual release for 4 weeks of CP-pDNA nanoparticles, leading to an incremental transfection efficiency and strong secretion of extracellular matrices. After subcutaneous infusion of microparticles with encapsulated both CP-pVEGF and CP-pbFGF nanoparticles, significantly higher densities of blood vessels were achieved than those containing individual nanoparticles, and induced a rapid generation of mature blood vessels with few cytotoxicity and inflammation reactions.

Conclusions

Electrosprayed microparticle with CP-pDNA nanoparticles encapsulated promoted the formation of vascular networks, providing clinical relevance for therapeutic vascularization and regeneration of functional tissues after injection to ischemic sites or entrapment into tissue engineering scaffolds.     

Delayed Noradrenergic Activation in the Dorsal Hippocampus Promotes the Long-Term Persistence of Extinguished Fear

Fear extinction has been extensively studied, but little is known about the molecular processes that underlie the persistence of extinction long-term memory (LTM). We found that microinfusion of norepinephrine (NE) into the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus during the early phase (0 h) after extinction enhanced extinction LTM at 2 and 14 days after extinction. Intra-CA1 infusion of NE during the late phase (12 h) after extinction selectively promoted extinction LTM at 14 days after extinction that was blocked by the β-receptor antagonist propranolol, protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMPS, and protein synthesis inhibitors anisomycin and emetine. The phosphorylation levels of PKA, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), GluR1, and the membrane GluR1 level were increased by NE during the late phase after extinction that was also blocked by propranolol and Rp-cAMPS. These results suggest that the enhancement of extinction LTM persistence induced by NE requires the activation of the β-receptor/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and membrane GluR1 trafficking. Moreover, extinction increased the phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2, CREB, and GluR1, and the membrane GluR1 level during the late phase, and anisomycin/emetine alone disrupted the persistence of extinction LTM, indicating that the persistence of extinction LTM requires late-phase protein synthesis in the CA1. Propranolol and Rp-cAMPS did not completely disrupt the persistence of extinction LTM, suggesting that another β-receptor/PKA-independent mechanism underlies the persistence of extinction LTM. Altogether, our results showed that enhancing hippocampal noradrenergic activity during the late phase after extinction selectively promotes the persistence of extinction LTM.     

探讨VEGF和nm23-H1在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达与淋巴结转移的关系

目的：探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和肿瘤转移抑制基因（nm23‐H1）与非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学染色法,检测40例非小细胞肺癌原发灶的石蜡切片标本中VEGF和nm23‐H1基因的蛋白表达,分析其与非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果40例非小细胞肺癌组织中的VEGF和nm23‐H1阳性表达率分别为65％（26／40）和65％（26／40）;VEGF和nm23‐H1与淋巴结转移有相关性（P＜0．05）;VEGF和nm23‐H1与病理类型、细胞分化程度及临床分期无相关（P＞0．05）。结论 VEGF、nm23‐H1在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达与淋巴结转移密切相关,检测VEGF、nm23‐H1的表达将有助于判断非小细胞肺癌的转移潜能及预后。     

宫颈癌术后盆腔不同体外照射疗法的剂量学研究

目的：比较三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT ）、不同射野数目的调强适形放射治疗（IM-RT）和简化调强放射治疗（sIMRT）在宫颈癌根治术后计划靶体积（PTV）剂量分布、危及器官（OAR）保护以及机器跳数方面的差异,探讨宫颈癌术后盆腔外照射的合理方法。方法选择10例宫颈癌术后需行盆腔放疗的患者,分别制定4个野3DCRT ,5野、7野及9野IM RT ,5个野sIM RT 计划,处方剂量50 Gy ,通过分析靶区剂量分布均匀度、适形度,危及器官受照体积及机器跳数,比较5种计划的优缺点。结果5F-IM RT、7F-IM RT、9F-IM RT的PT V剂量分布均匀性好于3DCRT和sIM RT。5种放疗计划中以7F-IM RT 及9F-IM RT 靶区的适形度最优,5F-IM RT 次之,sIM RT 稍逊于 IM RT ,3DCRT最差。IM RT及sIM RT在高剂量区对小肠、膀胱及直肠的保护作用明显优于3DCRT。sIM-RT仅在20 Gy剂量水平对小肠的保护作用逊于7F-IM RT及9F-IM RT ,但对于直肠、膀胱的保护不逊于IM RT。sIM RT的机器跳数大于3DCRT ,但明显低于IM RT放疗计划。结论 sIM RT 是一种性价比较高的放疗技术,在宫颈癌术后盆腔放疗时值得推荐。     

免疫增强药用于恶性肿瘤患者辅助治疗现状调查

目的：调查对免疫增强药临床应用现状及合理性,为该类药物的合理使用提供参考。方法：利用医院HIS系统,随机抽取2012年在我院治疗的240例确诊为恶性肿瘤住院患者病历,调查免疫增强药的应用情况,评价临床应用免疫增强药的合理性。结果：不同年龄组及KPS评分组段,免疫增强药使用率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。214例患者使用了免疫增强药,使用率为89．2％,其中联合用药病历114份（47．5％）;中药类免疫增强药用药金额占总金额的74．4％;不合理用药医嘱62份,占总病历数的25．8％,主要为溶媒使用不当。结论：我院免疫增强药使用情况总体良好,但也存在部分不合理现象,卫生行政部门及院相关管理部门应加强管理,促进该类药物的合理应用。     

椎间盘镜下经椎板间隙入路治疗腰椎间盘突出与腰椎管狭窄症疗效分析

目的探讨椎间盘镜下经椎板间隙入路摘除腰椎间盘及扩大侧隐窝治疗腰椎间盘突出与腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法采用史赛克椎间盘镜手术系统,经椎板间隙入路对228例腰椎间盘突出或/和侧隐窝狭窄的患者手术治疗,并对治疗效果进行总结和评价。结果平均随访16个月,手术优良率95.6%。结论椎间盘镜下经椎板间隙入路手术能达到常规手术摘除髓核、扩大侧隐窝、神经根减压的目的,手术创伤小,可以早期下床活动,对多节段仍可采用。     

基于三角模糊数的生活垃圾填埋场重金属污染综合评价

通过收集我国30多个垃圾填埋场的土壤8种重金属数据,应用三角模糊数理论,结合各种重金属的生物毒性,构建了基于三角模糊数的地累积指数填埋场土壤重金属综合污染评价模型。结果表明:采用确定的地累积指数和采用三角模糊数来评价填埋场土壤重金属污染状况时,两者存在差异。采用三角模糊数的重金属污染综合评价结果更具指导性。